Anthropos: Anthropos, 81.1986,1/6

Anthropos, 81.1986,1/6

Bibliographic Data

Journal

Structure Type:: Journal

Works URN (URL):: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-714820

Persistent identifier:: BV043334262

Title:: Anthropos

Place of Publication:: Fribourg

Publisher:: Ed. St. Paul

Year of Publication:: 1906

Collection:: Journals and Newspapers > Journals of Ethnology

Domain:: Social and cultural anthropology > General overview

Journal Volume

Structure Type:: Journal Volume

Works URN (URL):: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711857

URN:: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-711857

Persistent identifier:: 1513165623746

Title:: Anthropos, 81.1986,1/6

Year of Publication:: 1986

Call Number:: LA 1118

Collection:: Journals and Newspapers > Journals of Ethnology

Journal Issue

Structure Type:: Journal Issue

Title:: Bd. 81, 1986, Heft 1-3

Collection:: Journals and Newspapers > Journals of Ethnology

Anthropos 81.1986: 1-20 China’s Nationalities Policy: Its Development and Problems Jiann Hsieh 1- Introduction 2. The Ideological Origins of the Chinese Communist Party’s Nationalities Policy 3. The Chinese Communist Party’s Nationalities Policy Prior to 1982: A Brief Review 4. China’s Nationalities Policy as Viewed in Connection with the 1982 Constitution 5- The Problems of China’s Nationalities Policy 6- Conclusion 1* Introduction China is a multinational state. Besides the majority Han Chinese, fifty-five minority na tionalities have been identified even though the number is still open to discussion. 1 These peo ples are each the result of a lengthy historical Process, and each owns its own specific features and consciousness. Immediately after the founding of the People’s Republic, many pre viously little known minority groups openly declared their identities and claimed status for themselves. By 1955, over four hundred names had been registered by the government. How ler, a preliminary investigation revealed much redundancy in this first registration, so after extensive fieldwork and consultation with minor ity leaders the number of minority nationali ties officially recognized by the government be comes fifty-five. Jiann Hsieh, Ph.D. (1977, University of Pittsburgh); faculty member in the Anthropology Department, the Chinese University of Hong Kong; currently, he is also inducting ethnological fieldwork on the Pai Yao in Guang-dong, China. - Publications include a series of articles on the Xiong-nu in the Bulletins of the Institute of History and Philology and the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (1968-1970, Taipei), and articles on the overseas Chinese voluntary associations in the Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch (1980). According to a 1980 census, the minority population amounted to more than 55,197,000, 2 roughly 6.7 percent of China’s total population. There are thirteen groups with more than one million people each: the Zhuang, Mongol, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Bouyei, Miao, Yi, Korean, Manchu, Dong, Yao, and Bai. Another four teen groups have at least onehundredthousand members: the Tujia, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Va, She, Gaoshan (Taiwan aborigines), Lahu, Shui, Dongxiang, Naxi, Kazak, Luoba, and Li. The remaining twenty-eight groups all number less than one hundred thousand: the Jingpo, Ker- gez, Tu, Daur, Mulau, Bulang, Sala, Maonan, Gelao, Xibo, Achang, Tajik, Pumi, Nu, Usbek, Russian, Ewenki, Qiang, Benglong, Baoan, Yugur, Jing, Tartar, Dulong, Oroqen, Menba, Jino, and Hezhe. The Hezhe only number some eight hundred persons. This can be contrasted with the thirteen million Zhuang (see Appendix A). There are other characteristics of the mi nority nationalities to be understood before we can discuss the PRC’s policy towards them. These can be summed up as follows: 1 For instance, the Gaoshan is a common expression. In fact, the so-called Gaoshan nationality in Taiwan includes 9 or 11 ethnic groups such as the Amy, Yami, Bunun, Saisiyat, Paiwan, Tsou, Rukai, Puyuma, Atayal, etc. Classification may differ with different schools (see, for example, Ruey Yih-fu 1972: 49f.). Besides, final identification has to be made with regard to the Pingwus in Gangsu, the Dengs in Tibet, and the Kucongs in Yunnan (see Fei Xiao-tong 1981a: 60-77). In the present paper, except for a few popular terms such as Tibet, Mongol, etc., all the Chinese characters are spelled in accordance with the Chinese Official Pinyin system. 2 Yang Jin-zhou 1980: 7; according to the 1982 census, the total minority population is about 67.2 million (see Guo-wu-yuan ren-kou pu-cha ban-gong-shi and Guo- jia tong-ji-ju ren-kou tong-ji-se 1983; 212-225, and the Appendix A).

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